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[Clifford Black]

Ninja
Drawing of the archetypical ninja, from a series of
sketches (Hokusai manga) by Hokusai. Woodblock
print on paper. Volume six, 1817.
A ninja (忍 者) or shinobi (忍 び) was a covert agent or
mercenary in feudal Japan who specialized in unorthodox warfare.
The functions of the ninja included espionage, sabotage,
infiltration, and assassination, and open combat in certain
situations.[1] Their covert methods of waging war contrasted the
ninja with the samurai, who observed strict rules about honor and
combat.[2] The shinobi proper, a specially trained group of spies
and mercenaries, appeared in the Sengoku or "warring states"
period, in the 15th century,[3] but antecedents may have existed in
the 14th century,[4] and possibly even in the 12th century (Heian or
early Kamakura era).[5][6]
The functions of the ninja included espionage, sabotage,
infiltration, and assassination, and open combat in certain
situations.[1] Their covert methods of waging war contrasted the
ninja with the samurai, who observed strict rules about honor and
combat.[2] The shinobi proper, a specially trained group of spies
and mercenaries, appeared in the Sengoku or "warring states"
period, in the 15th century,[3] but antecedents may have existed in
the 14th century,[4] and possibly even in the 12th century (Heian or
early Kamakura era).[5][6]

[Clifford Black]

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B.