History of the USA

[Clifford Black]

The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution.^[1] Its drafting by the Continental Congress began in mid-1776, and an approved version was sent to the states for ratification in late 1777. The formal ratification by all 13 states was completed in early 1781. Even when not yet ratified, the Articles provided domestic and international legitimacy for the Continental Congress to direct the American Revolutionary War, conduct diplomacy with Europe and deal with territorial issues and Indian relations. Nevertheless, the weak government created by the Articles became a matter of concern for key nationalists. On March 4, 1789, the Articles were replaced with the U.S. Constitution.^[2][3] The new Constitution provided for a much stronger national government with a chief executive (the president), courts, and taxing powers.

[Clifford Black]

more data----

Rutherford Birchard Hayes (Delaware, Ohio October 4, 1822 – Fremont, Ohio January 17, 1893) was the 19th President of the United States (1877–1881). As president, he oversaw the end of Reconstruction and the United States' entry into the Second Industrial Revolution. Hayes was a reformer who began the efforts that led to civil service reform and attempted, unsuccessfully, to reconcile the divisions that had led to the American Civil War fifteen years earlier.

Born in Delaware, Ohio, Hayes practiced law in Lower Sandusky (now Fremont) and was city solicitor of Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861. When the Civil War began, Hayes left a successful political career to join the Union Army. Wounded five times, most seriously at the Battle of South Mountain, he earned a reputation for bravery in combat and was promoted to the rank of major general. After the war, he served in the U.S. Congress from 1865 to 1867 as a Republican. Hayes left Congress to run for Governor of Ohio and was elected to two consecutive terms, serving from 1868 to 1872. After his second term had ended, he resumed the practice of law for a time, but returned to politics in 1876 to serve a third term as governor.

In 1876, Hayes was elected president in one of the most contentious and hotly disputed elections in American history. Although he lost the popular vote to Democrat Samuel J. Tilden, Hayes won the presidency by the narrowest of margins after a Congressional commission awarded him twenty disputed electoral votes. The result was the Compromise of 1877, in which the Democrats acquiesced to Hayes's election and Hayes accepted the end of military occupation of the South.

[Jay Anderson]

It seems Hayes wanted to avoid war, and of course, to be president.

[Adisa]

Dr. Black, as I researched information regarding the Constitution, I noticed George Washington's signature as "G°. Washington"  Can you point in the direction so that I may find information regarding this spelling of the name.

[Clifford Black]

Adisa, you will find that during Washington's lifetime, there were no rules for grammar and also none for orthography. You will fine the answer to your question, if you, continue to search and read.

[Clifford Black]

This can give more data relative to what took place at the founding of the country.  It is going to take a while to figure it out in correct manner.   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_%28United_S...

B.

[Clifford Black]

Read this carefully!

• March 4 – At Federal Hall in New York City, the 1st United States Congress meets and declares the new United States Constitution to be in effect. The bicameral United States Congress replaces the unicameral Congress of the Confederation as the legislature of the federal government of the United States.

[Clifford Black]

George Washington was inaugurated as the first president of the United States in New York City on April 30, 1789. The inaugural ceremony took place on the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street. Washington took the presidential oath of office, administered by Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston in view of throngs of people gathered on the streets. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of George Washington as President of the United States.