ABOUT TIME

[Clifford Black]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_States_relations

Everyone may want to pay attention to this data!!!!!!

B.

[Adisa]

Cuba was for centuries part of the Spanish Empire. In the late 19th century, Cuban nationalist revolutionaries rebelled against Spanish dominance, resulting in three liberation wars: the Ten Years' War (1868–1878), the Little War (1879–1880) and the Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898). Interested in extending its hegemony over Cuba, the crown jewel of the Spanish colonial empire, as a colony, the United States government proclaimed war on the Spanish Empire, resulting in the Spanish–American War (1898). The U.S. subsequently invaded the island, and forced the Spanish army out. On May 20, 1902, a new independent government proclaimed the foundation of the Republic of Cuba, with U.S. Military governor Leonard Wood handing over control to President Tomás Estrada Palma, a Cuban-born American citizen.^[5] Subsequently, large numbers of U.S. settlers and businessmen arrived in Cuba, and by 1905, 60% of rural properties were owned by non-Cuban North Americans.^[6] Between 1906–1909, 5,000 U.S. Marines were stationed across the island, and returned in 1912, 1917 and 1921 to intervene in internal affairs, sometimes at the behest of the Cuban government.^[7]

Castro's Cuban government ordered the country's oil refineries – then controlled by U.S. corporations Esso and Standard Oil and Anglo-Dutch Shell – to process crude oil purchased from the Soviet Union, but under pressure from the U.S. government, these companies refused. Castro responded by expropriating the refineries and nationalizing them under state control. In retaliation, the U.S. canceled its import of Cuban sugar, provoking Castro to nationalize most U.S.-owned assets on the island, including banks and sugar mills.^[49][50][51] Relations between Cuba and the U.S. were further strained following the explosion and sinking of a French vessel, the Le Coubre, in Havana harbor in March 1960. Carrying weapons purchased from Belgium, the cause of the explosion was never determined, but Castro publicly insinuated that the U.S. government were guilty of sabotage.^[52][53][54] On 13 October 1960, the U.S. government then prohibited the majority of exports to Cuba – the exceptions being medicines and certain foodstuffs – marking the start of an economic embargo. In retaliation, the Cuban National Institute for Agrarian Reform took control of 383 private-run businesses on 14 October, and on 25 October a further 166 U.S. companies operating in Cuba had their premises seized and nationalized, including Coca-Cola and Sears Roebuck.^[55][56] On 16 December, the U.S. then ended its import quota of Cuban sugar, the country's primary export.^[57]

Each time the Cuban government nationalized American properties, the American government took countermeasures, resulting in the prohibition of all exports to Cuba on October 19, 1960.

Nationalization (an alternative spelling is nationalisation) is the process of taking a private industry or private assets into public ownership by a national government or state.^[1] Nationalization usually refers to private assets, but may also mean assets owned by lower levels of government, such as municipalities, being transferred to be the state. The opposite of nationalization is usually privatization or de-nationalization, but may also be municipalization. Industries that are usually subject to nationalization include transport, communications, energy, banking and natural resources.

[Clifford Black]

Thank You Adisa and Namaska!

[Adisa]

Raytheon, the company name meaning Light of/from the Gods.  Raytheon employed Harold Geneen as a senior VP between 1956-1959.  From 1959–1977 he, Harold Geneen, was the president and CEO of International Telephone and Telegraph Corp. (ITT).  ITT had political friends in Cuba before Fidel Castro came to power and Geneen even had a friendship with John McCone, one time director of the Central Intelligence Agency.  McCone became the director following the disaster of the Bay of Pigs Invasion.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Geneen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_A._McCone